(2) symptomatic treatment: abdominal pain can be localized hot compress or spasm agents, such as atropine, Propantheline, belladonna tablets or Anisodamine, etc.; vomit frequently may intramuscular injection of metoclopramide or oral gastric Fu-an, domperidone, etc.; sometimes given cimetidine to reduce gastric acid secretion, to reduce the mucosal inflammation, can also be used antacids; if there stomach erosion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be targeted to give ice water gastric lavage, blood transfusion to stop bleeding, intravenous drip infusion H2 receptor antagonists, as well as expansion of correcting shock treatment.

(3) of antibiotics: general do not have antibiotics, but caused by bacteria, especially those accompanied by diarrhea may be oral berberine, PPA, norfloxacin, gentamicin and so on.

(4) correcting water, electrolyte disorder: vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte disorders, it can be oral rehydration method, in serious cases were intravenous fluids, the choice of balanced salt or 5% glucose saline, and pay attention to potassium, acidosis by bolus 5% sodium bicarbonate, shock via the rehydration, acid ineffective, the available step-up drug.

In summer and autumn of acute gastroenteritis is a common disease, frequently-occurring disease. More due to infection caused by bacteria and viruses. Mainly of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and varying degrees of diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, followed by the loss of electrolytes and fluids. The disease belongs to Chinese medicine, “vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea” and other disease areas.

Cause

Acute gastroenteritis is due to food containing pathogens and toxins into the food, or eating properly, if there is excessive stimulation of non-digestible food-borne gastrointestinal tract mucosa of acute inflammatory changes. In China in the summer and autumn have a higher prevalence, no gender differences, the general incubation period is 12 ~ 36 hours.

Salmonella is a major pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis, of which Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella is more common ducks.

Symptoms

Mainly nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; fever and other serious cases can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, shock. Patients in the performance of nausea, vomiting earlier; followed by diarrhea, 3-5 times a day or even a few on the 10th, ranging Duocheng watery stool, deep yellow, or with a green, foul-smelling, can be accompanied by abdominal cramps, fever, body pain and other symptoms.

Check

Routine stool examination and stool culture;

White blood cell count may be normal or abnormal.

Treatment

1. Western medical treatment

(1) General treatment: as bed rest, oral glucose-electrolyte solution to complement the loss of body fluids. If you continue to vomiting or apparent dehydration, you need to add 5% -10% intravenous glucose saline, and other relevant electrolyte. Encourage intake light liquid or semi-liquid food grain, in order to prevent dehydration or treat mild dehydration.

(2) symptomatic treatment: injection of anti-emetics when necessary: for example, intramuscular injection of chlorpromazine a cracking 25-100mgl day. Antispasmodic drugs: such as belladonna 8n worthy of 11 times, 1, 3 times. Anti-diarrhea medicine: If Smecta each one bag, 1, 2-3 times.

(3) antibiotic therapy: Antibiotics therapeutic effects of this disease is controversial. For infectious diarrhea, can be properly targeted antibiotic use, such as berberine O. 3g oral, 1, 3 times or gentamicin 80000 u oral, 1, 3 second-rate. But it should be to prevent the misuse of antibiotics.

2. TCM

(1) gastrointestinal Humidity: disease was experiencing starting, frequent nausea, vomiting Tunsuan, abdominal pain matrix as, diarrhea urgent, then OK unhappy, and fecal cinnamon color and smell, thirst To drink, upset, urine short-less fur yellow greasy, slippery pulse number or the number of confusion.

Governing law: heat dampness, qi and diarrhea.

Recipe: Gegen 10 grams, 10 grams of baicalin, berberine 6 grams, costas 10 grams, Poria 12 grams, 10 grams of Plantago, white beans 10 grams, 15 grams of Coix seed, the leaves 10 grams, raw licorice 6 grams.

(2) alpine block: vomiting of water. Nausea, diarrhea, such as water, abdominal pain, bowel and was accompanied by chills, fever, neck or joints ache and thin white fur, or Bai Ni, pulse Ba River.

Governing law: cold-dispelling dehumidification, and the diarrhea.

Full-text:

(Formerly the party name: Huang Pu Xie Xin Tang)

Recipe: Astragalus 30 ~ 60 grams, dandelion 15 ~ 45 grams, ginger, 3 (5 ~ 10 grams of dried ginger), Pinellia 10 grams, berberine 10 ~ 15 grams, baicalin 10 to 20 grams, Codonopsis 10 ~ 45 grams, 3 ~ 10 grams of licorice root, jujube 3 ~ 5.

Modified changes: Heat Piansheng were increased dandelion, Huang Qin, Huang Lian consumption; Qi greater emphasis on those who Astragalus, Codonopsis, Licorice consumption; Qi Yi Han Sheng those with ginger ginger and increase the Astragalus, Codonopsis dosage.

Usage: Shuijianbi day one. 10 days for a course of treatment. Before and after treatment endoscopy.

Effect Indications: Acrid-bitter drop, cold and heat, and use, Qi, and stomach, heat addition to rot. Indications of acute erosive gastritis.

Efficacy: “Fujian Chinese Medicine,” reported 78 cases treated with this side, male 48 cases, female 30 cases; aged 18 to 72 years. Accept this prescription treatment of a ~ 2 course of treatment, results: cured (l medication treatment of clinical symptoms and signs disappeared, 8 ~ 15, gastroscopy review erosion surface disappeared) 52 cases; effective (drug 1 ~ 2 treatment of clinical symptoms and signs disappeared, withdrawal within 1 week gastroscopy review disappeared or repair erosion surfaces and narrow) 24 cases; ineffective in 2 cases. The total effective rate 97.4%.

There are many factors leading to acute gastritis, there are chemical or physical stimulation, but also caused by bacteria or their toxins. Chemical irritants in the mainly from spirits, tea, coffee, spices and drugs (such as salicylate preparations, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, corticosteroids, etc.), which are mostly of acute corrosive gastritis by swallowing acid, alkali and other corrosive due. Physical stimulus such as heat, cold, too rough food and X-ray radiation, will damage gastric mucosa, causing inflammatory changes. Bacteria or their toxins eating contaminated food, leading to acute gastritis, the most common cause of one.

The clinical manifestations of acute gastritis severity often varies, but the incidence of both rapid-. Light were the only abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia; serious may have vomiting blood, black feces, and even water loss, as well as poisoning and shock.

The treatment of acute gastritis can be done according to the etiology and clinical manifestations of specific treatment. In which a shorter duration of acute gastritis Simple, self-limiting; and other various types of acute gastritis after treatment, leaving no lingering disease, but the duration of severe acute corrosive gastritis, can occur late esophagus, stomach and other parts of the pyloric stenosis .

(1) Shi Zhi Weiwanxiashu Type

Main symptoms: Weiwanxiashu puffiness, pain and refused to press, or vomiting, and indigestion Suanfu food, reduced pain after vomiting after eating heavier, belching acid reflux, bowel unhappy, pink tongue, thick greasy fur, slippery pulse solid.

Therapeutic: Xiaoshi dredge stasis, and Heweijiangni.

Recipe: Paul and the Pill: Divine Comedy, hawthorn, Radish Seed, dried tangerine peel, Poria, Forsythia, Pinellia.

(2) Shushifanwei Type

Main symptoms: Weiwanxiashu or fullness, swelling and nausea are not Shu, according to the soft abdominal pain, anorexia, eating less, dry mouth and greasy head and the body heavy, soft limb weakness, urine yellow fever, stool hysteresis and unhappy, or part-see fever aversion to cold, tongue red, white yellow and greasy fur, pulse moisten the number of small or moisten.

Therapeutic: Jieshu and stomach, pain dampness.

Recipe: Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Decoction: rugosa, Ban Xia, Da Fupi, purple perilla, Pinellia, Angelica, dried tangerine peel, Poria, Atractylodes, Magnolia, ginger, jujube.

(3) Hanxiefanwei Type

Main symptoms: stomach pain, soldier hair, endless pain, Baldwin is reduced, Yuhan increased more with cold or a history of eating raw, or accompanied by vomiting, see Shimizu, chills stand the cold, hand, foot and is not warm, like eating hot drinks and mouth does not light thirsty, thin white tongue fur, or Baini, pulse Shen Chi.

Governance then: warm in the cold-dispelling, and stomach pain.

Recipe: Liang Gui Zhi decoction attached Pills: Alpinia galanga, Cyperus rotundus, cassia twig, fried white peony, Sunburn licorice, ginger Pinellia, Piper longum, ginger.

(4), stomach heat flaming type

Main symptoms: Weiwanxiashu pain, puffiness, sore burning sensation, dry mouth and pain, nausea and vomiting, spit complex as the stomach contents, sour or bitter smell, eating cold-evil, hot, dry stool, urine, tongue red, thick yellow or yellow greasy moss, pulse string slide.

Therapeutic: heat pain, Jiangni laxative.

Recipe: Rhubarb Huang Lian Xie Xin Tang: rhubarb, berberine, baicalin.

(5) liver Qi stagnation

Main symptoms: Weiwanxiashu puffiness, attack stays Zuo Tong, pain, and two threatened even worse when poor emotional, or vomiting Tunsuan, belching frequency for, eating less, light red tongue, thin white fur, pulse string.

Therapeutic: Shugan rationale gas, and stomach pain.

Recipe: Sini Decoction Powder and Xiaobanxia: Bupleurum vinegar, fried white peony root, fried Citrus aurantium, raw licorice, ginger Pinellia, fresh ginger, Yuan Hu, fried Fructus Toosendan.

(1) to remove the cause, symptomatic treatment. A large number of vomiting and severe abdominal pain should fasting, bed rest.

(2) acute attack is best to use a clean quality diet, such as rice soup, almond tea, broth, light tea, lotus root starch, thin broth, boiled, peeled red date soup should be salty mainly to be in remission, may gradually transition semi-liquid slag to less food, try to use less gas and more fatty foods such as milk, soy milk, sugar and so on.

(3) severe vomiting and diarrhea, should drink sugar, salt, add water and salt. Ruoyin vomiting, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance should be such as intravenous injection of glucose saline solution.

(4), severe abdominal pain, should fast water, so that gastrointestinal enough rest until the pain when to reduce further, where appropriate, diet, should disable the cold, stimulating foods such as vinegar, pepper, Cong Jiangsuan, pepper and so on, do not use the excitement foods such as tea, coffee, cocoa, cooking, use a light-based, use less grease or other spices.

 Experts point out that norovirus infection caused by diarrhea, easy to schools, kindergartens, factories, and other crowded places of local clusters of infections, in addition, the spring is very susceptible to many types of bacteria caused by acute gastroenteritis. Experts suggest that daily life should pay attention to food hygiene and wash hands regularly disinfect household items, in order to play a good preventive effect.

 Is usually a sudden onset of acute gastroenteritis, the main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Children with vomiting common in adult patients with diarrhea for more than the main symptoms are the following five points.

 (1) the excessive eating or drinking or eating contaminated food spoilage history.

 (2) rapid onset, nausea, vomiting, frequent, severe abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, mostly watery, may contain undigested food, a small amount of mucus, or blood, etc..

 (3), often fever, headache, general discomfort and varying degrees of symptoms of poisoning.

 (4), vomiting, diarrhea, severe cases, may have dehydration, acidosis, and even shock.

 (5) signs of obvious, abdominal tenderness, and Cullen, non-muscular tension and rebound tenderness, bowel sounds more hyper.

 In addition, headache, fever, chills and muscle pain are also common symptoms, a few severe cases, due to frequent vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration can occur.

 Are most afraid of dehydration in acute gastroenteritis

 Once got acute gastroenteritis, should try to stay in bed, and oral glucose electrolyte solution to complement the loss of body fluids. Experts point out that norovirus gastroenteritis dehydration is a major cause of death, therefore, to prevent dehydration is the most important link. Severe cases, especially children and the infirm should promptly fluids or oral rehydration to correct water and electrolyte disorders and acid-base balance.

 Replenishment should also pay attention, not to indulge in the drinking water. The best drink containing the appropriate salt, and moisture of the electrolyte solution, I am afraid that if the hard drinking water will lead to lack of body electrolytes, triggering the phenomenon cramps. Pharmacies where to buy rehydration salts can also buy back their own blunt.

 Need to be reminded that, after preliminary treatment, acute symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, but does not mean that the digestive tract function has been fully restored to normal, when the diet therapy is very important. Such as acute gastroenteritis occurred after the beginning of the more normal diet, and even eating fatty and spicy food or drink, not restore the function of the gastrointestinal tract would be overwhelmed, there abdominal distention and discomfort, and some even become chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, chronic diarrhea.

 Acute gastroenteritis in general, after 5 to 7 days, according to the different circumstances of each patient, first of all to avoid the invasion of harmful factors: namely, smoking, alcohol, tea, coffee and so on. Eat less spicy and coarse food, do not eat too much, less wear on gastrointestinal irritant of the drugs. Secondly, the diet advocates three meals a day, per meal is not fullness, not in favor of more meals, to avoid increasing the burden on the stomach. Generally more advanced light of the liquid food, semi-liquid, such as rice soup, porridge, fresh fruit juice, gradually increase the number of protein food, but the bogey greasy, fried foods, and should start eating a small amount, and so on gastrointestinal functional recovery only after a normal diet, and pay attention to rest.

 Should pay attention to hygiene to prevent gastroenteritis,

 Prevention of norovirus and other enteric viruses is the best way to disinfect. Because norovirus mainly enter the body through the human digestive tract, contaminated water, food, infected persons vomit, feces, etc. are possible media. Experts pointed out that, in general, as long as attention to personal hygiene, washing hands frequently, refrigerator, raw and cooked food separated, it can effective prevention.

 In December 2006, the Japanese have taken place in a large outbreak of Norwalk-like virus in just a month already infected died, it is estimated a total of 10 million infected persons. Some experts have analyzed the large-scale outbreaks in the Japanese diet of fish hygiene. Therefore, eating raw food, cook the food they eat is also one of the ways of prevention.

 (2) to encourage drinking water, excessive water loss due to vomiting and diarrhea, the patient in the case of the water as much as possible to supplement the loss of moisture. Sugar-salt water to be good (drinking water in Canada made a small amount of sugar and salt). Do not drink more sugary drinks, so as to avoid excessive acid production increased abdominal pain. The patient may vomit frequently after vomiting in a small amount of water (50 ml or so), several drinks into, and will not vomit.

 (3) pain. Application of belladonna tablets, atropine 654-2 drugs can be. Local hot compress can also be abdominal pain (with bleeding who do not).

 (4), accompanied by diarrhea, fever, proper application can berberine, norfloxacin and other antimicrobial agents. Less severe diseases are generally not, so as not to increase the stimulation of the stomach.

 (5), vomiting, severe diarrhea, dehydration obviously, should be promptly taken to the hospital intravenous infusion therapy, usually 1-2 days, resume shortly.

 (6) prevention, control of drinking, do not eat too much, be used with caution, or not easy to damage gastric mucosa of drugs. Acute simple gastritis to timely treatment, prognosis, relapse prevention, so as not to chronic gastritis, persistent unhealed.

 1, begins abruptly, with upper abdominal pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite decreased significantly.

 2, In case of enteritis diarrhea, bacteria and toxins indicates that infections caused by gastritis.

 3, severe cases may have fever, dehydration (sunken eye socket, the zygomatic arch tall, dry skin, elastic weakening), or even upper gastrointestinal bleeding (hematemesis or melena), and acidosis.

 4 more are eating unclean, or taking food to the stomach irritation or drug history of patients.

 5, inspection, may have the upper abdomen or Cullen mild tenderness, hyperactive bowel sounds and so on.

 (B) the difference between points

 1, such as severe abdominal pain, pay attention and peptic ulcer perforation, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute appendicitis, to distinguish between.

 2, such as associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, should pay attention and peptic ulcer bleeding, cirrhosis of the liver to distinguish between esophageal variceal bleeding.

 Acute Simple Gastritis treatment:

 (1) General treatment: wipe out the cause, bed rest, into the light liquid diet, more water, if necessary, appropriate fasting.

 (2) symptomatic treatment: abdominal pain can be localized hot compress or spasm agents, such as atropine, Propantheline, belladonna tablets or Anisodamine, etc.; vomit frequently may intramuscular injection of metoclopramide or oral gastric Fu-an, domperidone, etc.; sometimes given cimetidine to reduce gastric acid secretion, to reduce the mucosal inflammation, can also be used antacids; if there stomach erosion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be targeted to give ice water gastric lavage, blood transfusion to stop bleeding, intravenous drip infusion H2 receptor antagonists, as well as expansion of correcting shock treatment.

 (3) of antibiotics: general do not have antibiotics, but caused by bacteria, especially those accompanied by diarrhea may be oral berberine, PPA, norfloxacin, gentamicin and so on.

 (4) correcting water, electrolyte disorder: vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte disorders, it can be oral rehydration method, in serious cases were intravenous fluids, the choice of balanced salt or 5% glucose saline, and pay attention to potassium, acidosis by bolus 5% sodium bicarbonate, shock via the rehydration, acid ineffective, the available step-up drug.

 Clinical

 More abrupt onset, in the original course of the sudden onset of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, manifested as hematemesis and black feces black feces were individually rare. Bleeding often intermittent. Heavy bleeding or shock can cause syncope, accompanied by anemia. Bleeding in the abdominal discomfort or pain with tenderness. Endoscopy, in particular the incidence of 24 to 48 hours of emergency endoscopic examination showed gastric experts erosion, bleeding, or superficial ulcers, especially in more common high gastric body.

 Treatment:

 1, correct shock, additional blood volume, blood transfusion, infusion, to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

 Second, gastric infusion or oral hemostatic.

 (A) gastric intubation to remove blood clots in the stomach, gastric lavage with cold saline, or saline added to each frozen 250mL of norepinephrine 4-8mg, can be washed repeatedly to stop the bleeding. Can also be stomach tube in the perfusion monsell.

 (B) the oral direct thrombin and norepinephrine, norepinephrine concentration and the gastric tube perfusion the same time oral administration of 60 ~ 100ml 2-4 hours / times.

 Third, acid drugs, including acid and alkaline drugs and in the application of H2 blockers (see peptic ulcer bleeding section).

 4, may be endoscopic microwave and high frequency electrocoagulation to stop bleeding.

 5, treatment of the original disease, active treatment trauma, infection, disable the increased gastric mucosal injury drug.

 6, to prevent application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plus drugs or prostaglandins with alkaline agents.

 7, surgical treatment ineffective medical treatment, a small number of patients with subtotal resection of the stomach to be done, select the vagotomy surgery,

 (A) The amount of bleeding and more rapid emergence and shock, after medical treatment ineffective.

 (B) the medical treatment within 48 hours after bleeding again bleeding.

 (C) accompanied by perforation or atherosclerosis were not easy to stop bleeding.